Velopharyngeal incompetence refers to the impaired function of the velopharyngeal mechanism caused by neurologic or motor control deficits rather than structural abnormalities. It is commonly observed in individuals with conditions such as dysarthria, cerebral palsy, or following a stroke or traumatic brain injury. Though the soft palate and pharyngeal structures may be anatomically normal, they fail to move with sufficient strength or timing to achieve complete closure. This leads to hypernasality, nasal air emission, and, occasionally, nasal regurgitation, often requiring behavioral management through speech therapy and, in some cases, prosthetic intervention.
Luke J. Schloegel, “Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (Practice Essentials),” (2024).
Ann W. Kummer, Cleft Palate & Craniofacial Anomalies: Effects on Speech and Resonance, 4th ed. (Clifton Park, NY: Cengage, 2020).
