Articulation refers to the physical movement of the articulators (lips, tongue, teeth, palate, and jaw) to produce speech sounds. Articulation disorders involve difficulties in producing specific speech sounds correctly, which can impact intelligibility. Assessment typically includes evaluating the placement, manner, and voicing of sounds. Intervention focuses on teaching correct sound production through modeling and practice. Accurate articulation is essential for effective verbal communication.
McLeod, Sharynne, and Katherine Crowe. “Children’s Consonant Acquisition in 27 Languages: A Cross-Linguistic Review.” American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 1 (2018). Link
Namasivayam, A. K. et al. “Speech Sound Disorders in Children: An Articulatory Phonology Perspective.” Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2020): Article 2998. Link
